Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the emblematic crops of Greece. Winemaking as well as viticulture are considered as factors contributing towards the emergence of hierarchized Bronze Age societies in Crete and in the Peloponnese, that is why viticulture is supposed to be introduced in Greece from the Near East during the Bronze Age. However, evidence of early wine making in the Aegean since the Late Neolithic (ca 4500-4000 BC) as well as large quantities of grape pips yielded by several sites dated to this period question this hypothesis. An investigation of available archaeobotanical data and literary sources, combined with new analyses based on the shape of the archaeological grape seeds may shed light on the beginning of viticulture in Greece. Seed shape analysis aims to distinguish wild and domesticated grapes, but the shape of the seed also offers criteria allowing the identification of grape morphotypes (varieties, or groups of varieties) among the archaeological assemblages. In addition, comparison with modern varieties aims to link the past diversity to modern regional patterns.